野外实习是生态学教学体系中的重要组成部分。当前,传统的生态学野外实习内容相对滞后于学科的快速发展与社会对生态学专业人材的需求。针对实习对象、内容和途径的多样化,实习与理论研究和社会应用需求的有效衔接,学生综合素质的培养以及实习工作的总结延续等方面,提出了若干生态学野外实习模式,并建议在实习时间与实习内容、知识深度与覆盖面、理论知识与应用需求,以及不同实习学科之间进行适当平衡。实践多样化实习模式有利于提高生态学教学成效,为培养研究型和应用型生态学专业人材奠定基础。
Field practice is an important component of the teaching system of ecology.At present,traditional teaching contents of ecology field practice are lagging behind the rapid development of ecological science and social demands for ecology professionals.In this paper,several comprehensive ecological teaching modes is proposed with particular reference to the following aspects:(1) the diverse objects,contents and approaches of field practice,(2) the convergence of field practice,theoretical research and social demands,(3) the training of the comprehensive capabilities of the students,and(4) the summary and extension of further field practices.Besides,suggestions are made that appropriate balances should be made between duration time and contents of field practices,between depth and coverage of ecological knowledge,between theoretical researches and application demands,and between different disciplines of field practices.Diverse ecological field practices can facilitate teaching and provide a basis for the training of both research and application-oriented professionals.