中文摘要：

从实际产出与最优配置条件下产出比较的角度出发构建失衡指数，并进一步将制造业结构失衡分解成行业内失衡和行业间失衡，利用中国工业企业数据库进行了测算分析。研究结果表明，我国制造业的确存在比较明显的结构失衡，我国制造业结构失衡与企业的规模有正相关关系，结构失衡能够解释全要素生产率变动的近25％“55％。最后，通过计量分析发现，户籍制度和国企制度安排是造成我国制造业结构失衡的主要原因。

英文摘要：

Based on the comparison of output and optimal allocation, this paper constructs the unbalanced index, and the structure of the manufacturing industry is divided into industry imbalance and imbalance between industries, using the database of industrial enterprises in China to calculate. Research results show that, Chinese manufacturing industry does exist more obvious structural imbalance, the imbalance of Chinese manufacturing industry has a positive correlation with the scale of enterprises, structural imbalance can explain the nearly 25% -55% of total factor productivity change. Finally, through econometric analysis, the study finds that the household registration system and the institutional arrangement of state owned enterprises are the main reasons for the structure of manufacturing industry in China.