中文摘要：

为了解蛋鸡场中抗生素、消毒剂的耐药情况，从蛋鸡场的环境（粪便、土壤、水体等）和鸡蛋中分离大肠杆菌，测定7种抗生素和2种季铵盐消毒剂对大肠杆菌的最低抑制浓度（Minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC），检测18种抗生素耐药基因和5种季铵盐消毒剂耐药基因，并对大肠杆菌进行脉冲场凝胶电泳（Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis，PFGE）分析. 共得到44株大肠杆菌；大肠杆菌对抗生素耐药率为6.82%-90.91%，对土霉素（OTC）耐药率最高，对庆大霉素（CN）耐药率最低，所有大肠杆菌对头孢噻呋钠（CFS）表现敏感，一共产生14种不同的耐药谱型，其中，AML-TMP-OTC是最主要的谱型（N = 10，P = 23.81%）；抗生素耐药基因检出率为2.27%-84.09%，tetC检出率最高，qnrA检出率最低. 消毒剂苯扎氯铵（Benzalkonium chloride，BC）、氯化十六烷基吡啶（Cetylpyridinium chloride，CPC）对大肠杆菌的MIC范围分别为8-64 μg/mL、4-256 μg/mL，仅检测出qacEΔ1耐药基因（N = 18，P = 40.91%），qacEΔ1阳性大肠杆菌与甲氧苄啶（TMP）耐药表型存在显著相关性（P 〈 0.05）；44株大肠杆菌PFGE基因型相似性在32.11%-96.62%之间. 本研究表明蛋鸡场中大肠杆菌存在交叉传播的情况，对部分抗生素耐药性严重，同时对消毒剂出现耐药性，应引起足够重视.

英文摘要：

The resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants was investigated by isolating 44 Escherichia coli strains from the surroundings of a chicken farm （including feces, soil, and water） and from eggs. The minimum inhibitory concentrations （MICs） of seven antibiotics and two quaternary ammonium compounds （QACs） in E. coli isolates were determined. Eighteen antibiotic-resistance genes and five QAC-resistance genes were amplified. The E. coli isolates were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）. The results showed that the resistance frequency of antibiotics in E. coli isolates ranged from 6.82% to 90.91%. The resistance frequency of oxytetracycline （OTC） was the highest and that of gentamicin was the lowest; all E. coli isolates were sensitive to ceftiofur sodium. Fourteen different antibiotic resistance profiles and the amoxicillin-trimethoprim （TMP）-OTC profile were the most prevalent （N = 10, P = 23.81%）. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes ranged from 2.27% to 84.09%. The tetC gene was dominant, and the qnrA gene was found to be the lowest. The MICs of benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride in E. coli isolates ranged from 8 to 64 μg/mL and from 4 to 256 μg/mL, respectively. The qacEΔ1 gene （N = 18, P = 40.91%） was the only QAC-resistance gene detected. A significant correlation was noted between qacEΔ1 gene and TMP resistance （P 〈 0.05）. The similarity of PFGE genotypes ranged from 32.11% to 96.62%. Serious cross-contamination of E. coli was found in the chicken farm. The antibiotic and disinfectant resistances were strong in the E. coli having wide drug resistance profiles. Therefore, the study highlights the need for regularly monitoring the antibiotic and disinfectant resistance in bacteria from chicken farms and eggs.