中文摘要：

丙烯酸是一种重要的化工原料,被广泛应用于涂料、超吸附材料等领域。目前丙烯酸的获得主要通过丙烯氧化,但由于石油资源日渐枯竭以及生产过程造成的环境问题,利用生物质资源生产丙烯酸已成为研究热点。介绍了丙烯酸的性质及其在工业上的应用,并详细综述了生物法制备丙烯酸的研究进展。根据丙烯酸生产中是否应用传统的化工过程,将其分为半生物合成和全生物合成。半生物法主要包括乳酸化学法脱水以及丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺的生物转化;全生物法主要包括乳酸生物法脱水、3-羟基丙酸途径、糖直接发酵法以及DMSP（二甲基巯基丙酸内盐）途径。由于乳酸发酵的工艺成熟、原料易得,因此对乳酸脱水进行了重点介绍,其中生物法脱水符合可持续发展的要求,对其进行了详细介绍。同时还分析了各种方法的优缺点,探讨了利用生物质资源生产丙烯酸的研究趋势。

英文摘要：

Acrylic acid is one of the important industrial chemicals,it is widely used in many fields such as coating materials and absorbent materials.Currently,it is produced mainly through the oxidation of propylene.However,due to the decrease of petrochemical resource and the environmental problems caused by the process of manufacture,acrylic acid preparation using bioprocess has become a research hotspot.The properties of acrylic acid and its applications in industry were introduced,meanwhile the recent advances in the research and development of acrylic acid biosynthesis were reviewed.The methods were classified into entire biological method and semi-biological method according to whether chemical processing methods were used in the procedure of manufacture.The semi-biological method mainly included the chemical dehydration of lactic acid and the biotransformations of acrylonitrile and acrylamide.Entire biological methods mainly included the biological dehydration of lactic acid,3-hydroxylpropionic acid pathway,the direct fermentation of saccharides and DMSP pathway.More emphasis were put on the dehydration of lactic acid,just as lactic acid preparation had been a proven technique.For the factors above,the biological dehydration of lactic acid meet the demand of sustainable development and it was introduced detailedly.Simultaneously,the advantages and disadvantages of each method were discussed,providing suggestions for the following research of producing acrylic acid by biomass.