中文摘要：

本文从气囊缓冲机理出发对近年来国内外缓冲气囊进行了详细的分类和总结。缓冲气囊以其高效的缓冲性能、较轻的质量和低廉的成本等特性,成为重装空投防护与航天器软着陆技术领域的一个热点研究方向。本文首先介绍了密闭型气囊、排气型气囊和组合型气囊的性能和适用范围,讨论了各个类型气囊的优缺点。然后对气囊缓冲特性的数值仿真分析方法和分析模型进行了论述,对比了各类分析方法的原理与优缺点,并阐明了气囊优化设计的重要性和基本方法。此外本文还介绍了缓冲气囊研究的难点和应用前景以及需要进一步研究的问题。

英文摘要：

Airbag cushion systems offer an attractive means for spacecraft soft landing and heavy airdrop delivery.Based on different attenuation principles and airbag configurations,airbag cushion systems are classified into three types：non-vented airbag;vented airbag and hybrid airbag.Working principles and attenuation properties of each type airbag are demonstrated.Some problems involved in the use of each type airbag are also examined in this paper.It is shown that by actively controlling the venting according to the landing scenario,the hybrid airbag can further enhance performance of cushion airbags.On the other hand,analytical models and numerical simulation methods for airbag cushion system are summarized.In order to improve performance of the airbag cushion system,it＇s essential to optimize the design of the airbag system.At last some recommendations are made for further research.