中文摘要：

采用静态吸附方法，研究了吸附质浓度、离子共存对水葫芦鲜样（ECF）和干样（ECD）、稻草干样（OSD）和杉木屑干样（CLD）的氮磷吸附影响过程与特征。结果表明：1）在单一吸附质试验条件下，所有基质对磷的去除率随吸附液PO4--P浓度升高而逐渐下降，ECF和ECD对NO3--N或NH4 -N的吸附率则随吸附质浓度升高呈现出先降后升再降的趋势，而OSD和CLD对NO3--N的吸附则随吸附质浓度升高而不断升高。植物基质对氮磷去除率均随吸附时间延长而逐渐下降，在第4 h和第5 h，去除率降至10%以下。吸附质浓度由0.01 mol/L升高至0.12 mol/L，基质对NO3--N的吸附累积量增至8.0-33.0倍，而对NH4 -N则为4.8-6.8倍。ECF对PO4^--P、NO3^--N和NH4 -N的平均去除率比OSD分别高47.5%、46.9%和22.8%，比CLD分别高98.2%、76.9%和161.4%。2）吸附质共存强烈抑制了ECF、ECD、OSD对氮磷的吸附，而促进了CLD对NH4 -N的吸附。3）水葫芦鲜样对氮磷的吸附能力最强，其PO4^--P、NO3^--N、NH4 -N的饱和吸附量分别为9.7 mg/g、66.3 mg/g和47.9 mg/g，是水稻秸秆的1.8、1.5和1.9倍；新鲜水葫芦晒干会导致其氮磷饱和吸附量下降51%-60%。

英文摘要：

The objective of this study was to identify the purifying effect and adsorption characteristics of porous plant substrates on high nitrogen and phosphorus in water. For this purpose, the adsorption process and characteristic of nitrogen and phosphorus plant substrates, including fresh Eichhornia crassipes （ECF） and dry（ECD）, dry straw（OSD） and the dry sawdust of Cunninghamia lanceolata （CLD）, were determined by static adsorption experiment. The effects of initial concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus and coexisting ions on adsorption process and characteristic were also explored. The single adsorbate experiment indicated that the removal efficiency of PO4--P decreased with the rising of initial PO4--P concentration. Besides, the removal efficiency of NO3--N and NH4 -N decreased first and then increased with the rising of initial concentration. In addition, the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus which was adsorbed by plant substrates decreased with time, and the removal was lower than 10% at 4th h and 5th h. The substrates adsorption capacity of NO3--N increased to 8.0-33.0 times with the concentration increasing from 0.01 to 0.12 mol/L, and the adsorption capacity of NH4 -N increased to 4.8 - 6.8 times. The average removal efficiencies of ECF were higher than that of OSD by 47.5%, 46.9%, 22.8% , and higher than that of CLD by 98.2%, 76.9%, 161.4%, respectively, for PO4--P, NO3--N, NH4 -N. Coexisting ions significantly prohibited nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption by plant substrates, whereas the NH4 -N sorption by CLD increased with PO4^--P and NO3^--N coexisted. The adsorption capacity of fresh water hyacinth was the highest. The maximum adsorption capacities of PO4^--P, NO3^--N, NH4 -N were 9.7, 66.3, and 47.9 mg/g, which were 1.8, 1.5, and 1.9 times higher than that of straw. Compared to the maximum adsorption capacities of fresh water hyacinth, the dry one decreased by 51%-60%.