中文摘要：

为探讨变电站设备实际耐受的雷电冲击电压波形与标准雷电冲击电压波形的差异,对变电站雷电侵入过电压的波形特征及其影响因素进行了仿真研究。通过在电磁暂态计算程序（EMTP）中建立500 k V交流变电站–输电线路模型,并结合过电压形成的物理过程,分析了雷击类型、输电线路传输过程以及避雷器对雷电侵入过电压波形的影响。研究结果表明：受雷击工况、输电线路传输过程及避雷器等非线性设备的影响,变电站设备实际耐受的雷电侵入波形近似为平顶波,波前时间可达8μs,波尾时间最短仅为10μs,最长可达数百μs。严苛情况下,变电站设备在实际雷电侵入电压波形下的绝缘耐受水平低于标准雷电冲击试验值。该研究为进一步探讨雷电冲击试验标准的合理性奠定了基础。

英文摘要：

In order to reveal the differences between the waveforms of the standard lightning impulse voltage and the actual lightning voltage which invaded to electric equipment in the substation, we studied the characteristics and its effect factors of lightning intruding wave in substation by simulation and physical analysis. By establishing the simulation model of the 500 k V AC substation and transmission line in the electro-magnetic transient program（EMTP）, using physical analysis, we analyzed the influences of the lightning striking type, the transport process of overvoltage travelling wave and the arrester on the lightning intruding wave in substation. After considering these influences, the practical lightning intruding voltages applied to equipment in substation are approximately to be a flat-top wave. Its front time can reach 8 μs, and tail time can change from 10 μs to hundreds of micro-seconds. In some rigorous cases, the insulation withstand level of substation equipment under actual lightning intruding voltage wave will be lower than that under standard lightning impulse voltage wave. The research lays a foundation for further discussing the rationality of current lightning impulse test standard.