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中文摘要：
利用1949-1990年上海市郊水灾历史灾情资料,分析其时空分布特征显示,自1949年以来,水灾受灾指数和相应粮食减产率呈阶段性下降,尤其自1977年水利控制片贯彻实施后,二者呈大幅度下降。各区县中,综合考虑水灾频次和受灾面积两个因素,得出南汇灾情最为严峻。最终,针对历史灾情资料缺乏、小样本数据使用传统统计模型进行风险分析精度不高的特点,基于信息扩散原理,利用正态信息扩散技术将单一的样本观测值变为一模糊集的模糊数学方法,对各区县受灾指数进行了风险分析,结果显示：南汇、浦东在受灾指数较低时,超越概率较高,即风险较高;崇明、金山在任一受灾指数下,风险都显示最高,受灾指数达0.8的超越概率为0.03345和0.01243,分别达到30年一遇和100年一遇。
英文摘要：
This paper analyzes spatiotemporal distribution of flood disaster in suburb of shanghai Municipality according to the historical data from 1949 to 1990.Since planning for water resources development carried out in 1979,the index of area damaged by flood disaster has decreased significantly.In all districts and counties of the municipality,considering two factors of flood disaster frequency ratio and area ratio,Nanhui District is the highest.Because the historical data of flood disaster is not enough to be used for analysing the probability distribution,the information diffusion method was introduced to change single sample observations into fuzzy sets,and a quantitatively analyzing model of flood disaster risk was proposed.The results show that the flood disaster risk assessment values are higher in Nanhui District and Pudong District when the index of area damaged by flood disaster is lower,However,the flood disaster risk assessment values in Chongming,Jinshan are always high in any case.When the index reaches 0.8,the exceedance probability are 0.03345 and 0.01243,corresponding to 30-year return period and 50-year return period respectively.
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