中文摘要：

人群聚集区的安全疏散可以在最大程度上降低踩踏风险,但是在人群疏散的过程中,人员大量聚集导致发生突发状况时人群会存在较大的方向冲突,传统方法中的动态参数模型用参数简化了行人对周围环境的判断而进行的决策过程,但是该模型演化规则对冲突处理过于简单,对多人竞争同一个空位的冲突处理与实际不符,最终只有一个个体以等概率真正移动,其它几个则保持不动,降低了疏散效率。为此,提出了一种改进的基于摩尔型领域的二维元胞自动机的仿真疏散模型,修改了传统方法中多人竞争同一空位时的处理规则,并根据实际情况,将规则由同步更新变成了异步更新。改进后的模型强调理性个体在发生竞争冲突时对决策的理性判断,通过循环次优化选择模拟行人移动的决策,真实反映了行人对领域环境根据理性判断做出的行为选择,表现出了行人的思考和对周围环境反应的能力。利用该模型对室内行人进行疏散仿真,分析了行人分布、行人密度以及出口宽度对疏散效率的影响。仿真结果表明,改进模型更真实地模拟个体行为,平均疏散时间随密度和出口宽度变化的模拟结果与实际情况相符,证明了提出的模型的合理有效性,且适应性强,效率高。

英文摘要：

This paper puts forward an improved model based on Moore neiborhood two- dimensional cellular au- tomata for evacuation of large scale crowd, which modifies the rules of the conflict handling for competition. At the same time, the synchronous update is changed into the asynchronous update according to the actual environment. The improved model emphasizes the rational judgment of individual competitive conflict in the decision - making process, and the movement of pedestrians is simulated with iterating through sub - optimal selection. This more truly reflects the actual behavior process of the pedestrians in the field environment according to rational judgment, shows the pe- destrians＂ thinking processes and reaction capacity to their surroundings, and reproduces the typical group behavior. In the simulation for evacuation of indoor pedestrians by using the model, the influences of pedestrian distribution, pedestrian density and exit width on evacuation time are analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed evacua- tion model has strong adaptability and high efficiency.