中文摘要：

人的遗体的古老的 mtDNA 数据在南部的丝绸道路区域从四个早铁器时代 Tarim 盆地点(Yuansha， Zaghunluq， Sampula 和 Niya ) 被分析。Haplogroup 分布证明那张古老的 Tarim 盆人口由区分得好的西方、东方的母系的系组成。Tarim 盆人口的某韦斯特系从近的东方和伊朗区域发源。东方系，诺思和东北亚洲中，发源的系是主要部件，和一些东南亚洲系也存在，它显示了更广泛的起源和更复杂的混合。古老的 Tarim 盆人口的基因结构离 Xinjiang 的现代人口相对靠近，它暗示早铁器时代在现代 Xinjiang 人口的形成期间是一个重要时期。

英文摘要：

Ancient mtDNA data of human remains were analyzed from four early Iron Age Tarim Basin sites （Yuansha, Zaghunluq, Sampula and Niya） in the southern Silk Road region. Haplogroup distributions show that ancient Tarim Basin population was comprised of well-differentiated Western and Eastern matrilineal lineages. Some West lineage of Tarim Basin population originated from Near East and Iran region. Of the East lineages, North and Northeast Asia originated lineages were the main components, and a few Southeast Asian lineages also existed, which indicated a more extensive origin and a more complex admixture. The genetic structure of ancient Tarim Basin population is relatively close to the modern populations of Xinjiang, which implied that the early Iron Age is an important period during the formation of the modern Xinjiang population.