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北京地区日最大边界层高度的气候统计特征

ISSN号：1006-9585
期刊名称：《气候与环境研究》
时间：0
分类：P404[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]
作者机构：北京大学环境科学与工程学院环境科学系环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100871
相关基金：环保部公益性行业科研专项201509001;201409001;201309009; 国家自然科学基金项目41121004;41575007; 国家科技支撑计划项目2014BAC06B02 致谢：本文使用的探空数据和地面气象数据分别由美国Wyoming大学和美国国家气候数据中心（NationalClimaticDataCenter,NCDC）提供.原始观测数据源自中国气象局.

关键词：日最大边界层高度, 边界层平均风速, 通风量, API(空气污染指数), 气候特征, Daily maximum height of the atmospheric boundary layer, Mean wind speed, Ventilation, Air pollution index, Climatology

中文摘要：

使用北京气象站探空观测数据和地面气温观测数据,以干绝热曲线法估算1984-2013年逐日最大边界层高度,同时计算对应的边界层平均风速和通风量。统计分析这3个边界层参量的平均特征,并利用2001-2012年的空气污染指数（API）,探讨大气污染与边界层参量的关系。结果表明：（1）日最大边界层高度的30年月均值以春季和夏初（3-6月）最高,约1600 m;夏季和秋初（7-10月）次之,约1300 m;冬季（11月、12月和1月）最低,约1000-1200 m。（2）夏季,日最大边界层高度不同数值的频率大致为对称分布,峰值处于1000-1600 m范围;秋、冬季,频率分布系统性地向低值一方偏斜,600-800 m的出现频率大大增加;春季边界层高度的变化极大。（3）各季边界层平均风速以夏季为最小。（4）一年中春季通风量最大,秋季次之,冬季较低,夏季最小。（5）秋、冬季,北京中度和重污染个例（API〉200）集中分布于弱风、低边界层和小通风量条件,反映污染物局地累积的作用;春季污染个例半数以上以高风速、高通风量为特征,反映沙尘类外部输入性污染的作用。

英文摘要：

The dry adiabatic method was applied to analyze sounding data and normal maximum surface temperatures collected at Beijing observatory during 1984-2013 and calculate daily maximum height of atmospheric boundary layer（MABL） in Beijing area. The mean wind speed and ventilation were obtained simultaneously. Characteristics of the three boundary layer variables and the air pollution index（API） were analyzed to investigate the relationship between the boundary layer variables and air pollution. The results showed that：（1） Monthly mean MABL of about 1600 m is the highest in the spring and early summer（March to June）, following by that in the summer and early autumn（July to October）, which is about 1300 m; the monthly mean MABL is low in the winter（November, December, and January） with a value of about 1000-1200 m;（2） in the summer, the frequency distribution of the MABL is roughly symmetric with the peak value within the range of 1000-1600 m; in the autumn and winter, the frequency distribution is skewed to the lower side with the largest frequency for the MABL within the range of 600-800 m; the MABL frequency varies greatly in the spring;（3） the mean wind speed in the boundary layer is lowest in the summer;（4） ventilation reaches maximum in the spring, followed by that in the autumn and summer, and it is minimum in the winter;（5） in the autumn and winter, heavy pollution（API200） is often accompanied with weak winds, low boundary layer height and low ventilation, reflecting the cumulative effect of local pollutants. In the spring, more than half of the pollution events are characterized by high wind speeds and high ventilation, reflecting the dust pollution by external inputs.