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大豆豆腐和豆乳得率的遗传分析与QTL定位

期刊名称：王春娥，盖钧镒*，付三雄，喻德跃，陈受宜. 大豆豆腐和豆乳得率的遗传分析与QTL定位.中国农业科学,
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分类：S828.2[农业科学—畜牧学;农业科学—畜牧兽医] S511[农业科学—作物学]
作者机构：[1]南京农业大学大豆研究所/国家大豆改良中心/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京210095, [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101
相关基金：国家自然科学摹金资助项目（30490250）,国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（2002CB111304,2004CB7206,2006CB101708）,国家“863”项目（2002AA211052,2006AA100104）,长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助项目（PCSIRT）,教育部高等学校创新引智计划（B08025）
相关项目：大豆高密度分子标记和EST图谱的构建及其在重要育种性状QTL定位中的应

关键词：豆腐, 豆乳, 得率, 重组自交系, 分离分析, QTL定位, Tofu, Soymilk, Output, Recombinant inbred line （RIL）, Segregation analysis, QTL mapping

中文摘要：

【目的】优质高产豆腐与豆乳专用品种的选育是现代大豆品质育种的重要方向,本研究欲通过对大豆同一重组自交系群体2004和2005两年的豆腐与豆乳得率进行相关的遗传分析与QTL定位,为豆腐与豆乳专用品种选育提供遗传学依据。【方法】以干豆腐与干豆乳得率均差异极显著的大豆品种科丰1号与南农1138-2及其构建的184个重组自交系的群体为试验材料,应用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型进行遗传分析;以该群体所构建,由488个分子标记组成,覆盖4226.40cM,平均图距8.66cM的遗传连锁图谱为基础,应用软件CartographerV2.5的复合区间作图（CIM）程序检测QTL。【结果】两个年份两个性状均存在双向超亲变异,年份间、群体各家系间、以及年份与家系互作间的差异均极显著;干豆腐得率的遗传,两个年份及两年平均值均属两对具有累加作用的连锁主基因加多基因混合遗传模型,重组率均为0.00,主基因遗传率为13.23%～26.84%,多基因遗传率为73.15%～86.77%;各年份及两年平均干豆乳得率的遗传均为两对连锁主基因加多基因混合遗传模型,重组率均为0.00,主基因遗传率为17.27%～22.29%,多基因遗传率为77.71%～82.73%。CIM检测的QTL结果显示,在C2连锁群STAS815T～A676I标记区间检测到与干豆腐得率相关的2个紧密连锁的QTL,能在不同年份稳定表达,对表型变异的贡献率累计为16.23%～23.18%;在M连锁群satt728～K24I标记区间定位到1个控制干豆乳得率的QTL,在不同年份稳定表达,距离其左侧标记0.01cM,对表型变异的贡献率为4.73%～7.14%。【结论】豆腐与豆乳得率均属主基因加多基因遗传,主基因遗传贡献不大,多基因占主要部分（≥73.15%）,遗传分析和QTL定位的结果可以相互验证,遗传改良需要更多地依靠多基因积聚。

英文摘要：

[Objective] Breeding for output and quality of tofu and soymilk in soybeans is highly concerned recently by related food industry. The objective of the present study was aimed at revealing the genetic system of tofu and soymilk output for the traits improvement. [ Method ] Segregation analysis for tofu and soymilk output in two cropping years （2004 and 2005） were conducted on a RIL population with 184 lines derived from Kefeng 1 × Nannong 1138-2 under the Major Gene Plus Polygene Mixed Inheritance Model. Based on a genetic linkage map, spanned 4226.40 cM with 488 markers in 25 linkage groups, constructed from the same RIL population, the QTLs of tofu and soymilk output were mapped under the composite interval mapping （CIM） procedure of the software Cartographer V 2.5. [Result] The results from segregation analysis showed that tofu output was controlled by two linked major genes （recombination calue 0.00） plus polygenes, with the major gene heritability of 13.23%-26.84%, and polygene heritability of 73.15%-86.77%; soymilk output was also controlled by two linked major genes （recombination value 0.00） nlus polygenes, with the major gene heritability of 17.27%-22.29%, and polygene heritability of 77.71%-82.73%. The results of QTL mapping showed that two linked QTLs associated with tofu output between STAS815T and A676I on Linkage Group C2 were identified with CIM, explaining 16.23%-23.18% of the total phenotypic variation, and a QTL related with soymilk output in the interval of satt728-K24I on Linkage Group M was identified, explaining 4.73%-7.14% of the total phenotypic variation. [ Conclusion ] Both tofu and soymilk output in soybean were controlled by major genes with smaller heritability and polygenes with heritability more than 73.15%, which indicated that accumulation of polygenes should be emphasized in the improvement of tofu and soymilk output. The results between segregation analysis and QTL mapping appeared somewhat consistent, therefore could be used for verification each other.

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