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中文摘要：
反渗透被称为“21世纪的净化水技术”,具有净化率高、成本低等优点,广泛应用于海水淡化、电厂水处理、纯净水制取等领域.聚酰胺含有酰胺基团（-CO-NH-）,亲水性好,且其机械稳定性、热稳定性及水解稳定性均很好,是最典型的反渗透膜材料之一,与醋酸纤维素反渗透膜相比,它具有脱盐率高、通量大、操作压力要求低等优点.反渗透膜的脱盐率和通量很大程度上取决于膜的表面形态和表面化学结构.
英文摘要：
Three composite reverse osmosis membranes were prepared from m-phenylenediamine （MPD） and trimesoyl chloride （TMC）, 5-chloroformate-isophthaloyl chloride （CFIC）, 5-isocynate-isophthaloyl chloride （ICIC） respectively through the interracial polymerization technique on the polysulphone supporting membrane. The membranes produced were characterized by using permeation experiments with salt water, attenuated total reflectance infrared （ATR-IR）, and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy （XPS）. This study showed that with the increase of NaC1 concentration, the flux of the three membranes decreased; the rejection of TMC/MPD, ICIC/MPD composite membranes increased firstly and then decreased ; but the rejection of CFIC/MPD composite membrane kept steady. According to the ATR-IR and XPS results, the active layer of three membranes was composed of crosslinked polymer and linear polymer with pendant; all three composite membranes contained amide functional group （-CONH-） and carboxyl acid functional group （-COOH） ; the ICIC/MPD composite membrane contained urea functional group （-NHCONH-）; the CFIC/MPD composite membrane also contains urethane functional group （-OCONH-） and hydroxyl functional group （-OH）. The hydroxyl functional group could lead to high rejection and low flux.
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