中文摘要：

以果蝇为模式生物,在胚胎发育、基因表达调控、疾病发病机制以及昆虫先天免疫等方面的研究发挥了重要的作用。果蝇的先天免疫系统包括细胞免疫和体液免疫,当其遭受细菌、真菌和病毒等病原体攻击时,果蝇能通过细胞吞噬、集结、包囊作用以及产生抗菌肽等方式来清除入侵的微生物。结合近年来果蝇先天性免疫分子机制的研究进展,对其在病原体识别、信号转导途径及效应机制方面进行综述,为深入研究家蚕、蜜蜂等经济昆虫的免疫机制以及提高它们的经济效益提供参考。

英文摘要：

Fruit fly, a model organism, plays important roles in the studies of embryonic development, gene expression regulation, pathogenic mechanism and insect innate immunity, etc. During the evolution, fruit fly has evolved multiple mechanisms to resist the infectious microorganisms. Once suffered from the attack of pathogens, fruit fly removes or kills the invasive microbes by cellular and humoral innate responses, which includes phagocytosis, encapsulation, melanization, nodulation and the generation of antimicrobial peptides （AMPs）. Progresses of insect innate immunity conserved in Drosophila, including pathogens recognition, signal transduction and cascade responses are reviewed, which facilitate to study the immunity mechanism of other economic insects such as silkworm, honeybee, etc.