中文摘要：

三氧化二砷（As2O3，ATO）是一种新发现的有效治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病（acute promyelocytic leukemia，APL）的药物。研究发现，该药物在体外诱导细胞分化的能力不如体内明显。以此为基础，最近我们意外地发现模拟低氧化合物和中度低氧环境能够直接在体外诱导急性髓系白血病细胞分化，也选择性地加强三氧化二砷诱导的APL细胞分化。进一步地，间歇性低氧能够显著延长移植的白血病小鼠生存时间，并且抑制白血病细胞浸润并诱导其分化。以这些工作为基础，我们就低氧诱导白血病细胞分化的分子机制进行了深入研究。本文将就相关工作作一综述，并讨论有待进一步研究的问题。

英文摘要：

Arsenic trioxide （As203, ATO） is a recently developed drug for the effective treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia （APL）. Experimental studies showed that in vitro differentiation-inducing ability on APL cells of this drug is not significant compared with its in vivo activity. We unexpectedly found recently that hypoxia-mimetic agents and moderate real hypoxia triggered acute myeloid leukemic cells to undergo differentiation. Furthermore, intermittent hypoxia significantly prolonged the survival of the transplanted leukemic mice with inhibition of infiltration and induction of differentiation of leukemic cells. In the following works, molecular mechanisms of hypoxia-induced differentiation were investigated and some interesting results have been obtained. This review will shortly summarize the related progresses and discuss the questions remained to be further investigated.