中文摘要：

穗部性状直接影响着作物的经济产量,研究春小麦穗部性状的遗传组成,为遗传育种中通过进一步改良穗部性状提高产量提供参考和策略。以‘宁春4号’和‘Drysdale’及其构建的F2群体为材料,采用P1、P2、F1、F2四世代联合分离分析法研究了春小麦几个穗部性状：穗长、结实小穗数、不实小穗数、穗粒数的遗传模型。结果表明：穗长符合加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型,无主基因存在;结实小穗数由2对等加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因控制;不实小穗数符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因＋加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型;穗粒数符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因＋加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型。

英文摘要：

Spike traits directly affect the economic yield of crops. The genetic constitution of spring wheatspike traits was studied to provide references for genetic breeding by increasing production through modifiedspike traits.‘Ningchun 4＇and‘Drysdale＇and their F2 populations were used as materials, four generations ofP1, P2, F1, F2 joint segregation analysis was applied to study the genetic model of ear length, fertile spikelets,nonbearing spikelet and grains per spike. The results showed that ear length was in accord with additive-dominance-epistatic polygene mixed inheritance model without major gene; fertile spikelet was controlled bytwo pairs equal additive major genes and additive-dominant polygene; nonbearing spikelet was in accord withtwo pairs of additive- dominance- epistatic major genes and additive- dominant polygene mixed inheritancemodel; grains per spike was coincident with the two pairs additive- dominance- epistatic major genes andadditive-dominant polygene mixed inheritance model.