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中文摘要：
利用高精度微风速探测仪,通过室内模型试验首次获得了在大孔隙空心块石层内由温差引起的空气流速,并对空心块石层内的对流过程、降温过程及其相互关系进行了详细分析,而后结合实体工程分析了该措施的降温效能及优越性。结果表明：空心块石层降温效能突出且降温迅速,放热时间和吸热时间基本相当;空心块石层中对流速度显著,高达0.12 m.s-1,受到温度差异影响,在稳定区前后对流速度存在差异,最大相差0.023 m.s-1;温差是自然对流的驱动力,自然对流引起降温过程;不同传热方式及强度引起温度非对称性变化;对流速度和温差具有线性相关性,对流的发生存在起始温差;通过实体工程证实,空心块石层的降温效能相当突出,在1年中原冻土上限附近降温幅度达到0.3℃,路基内降温深度达到10 m。
英文摘要：
Using high-precision micro wind-speed detector,the air flow speed in macrovoid hollow concrete brick layer caused by temperature difference was got for the first time by indoor model test.The convection process,cooling process and their interactive influence relations in hollow concrete brick layer were studied in detail.Then,the cooling effect and superiority were analyzed by engineering practice.Results show that the cooling effect in experiment is obvious and cooling process is rapid.The exothermic time and absorption time are approximately same.The speed of natural convection in hollow concrete brick layer is great and reaches to 0.12 m·s-1.The convection speed is different in acceleration and deceleration zone influenced by different temperatures,the maximal difference of speed is 0.023 m·s-1.Temperature difference is driving force of natural convection which causes the cooling process.The different heat transfer ways and strengths result in asymmetry of temperature change.There is linear relation between convection speed and temperature difference,and there is the start temperature difference at generation of convection.The cooling effect of hollow concrete brick layer is outstanding by verification of engineering practice,the cooling range of ground temperature near upper limit of original permafrost in a year reaches 0.3 ℃,and cooling depth in embankment reaches 10 m.
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