中文摘要：

近空间飞行器具有飞行速度快、飞行包线大、气动特性变化剧烈及飞行环境复杂多变等特点，故障诊断与容错控制技术对提高其安全性和可靠性具有重要意义。本文通过对近空间飞行器故障诊断与容错控制技术的国内外研究现状调研和分析，阐述了近空间飞行器动力学模型及飞控系统的故障类型，分析了近年来国内外关于近空间飞行器故障诊断与容镨控制技术的主要研究成果和存在的问题，最后对近空间飞行器故障诊断与容错控制技术未来的发展方向和面临挑战进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Near space vehicle （NSV） has rapid flight speed, big flight envelope, aerodynamic characteristics of rapid change, and complex and variable environment of flight, so fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control technology are significant to improve its safety and reliability. By analysis of the domestic and overseas development status on fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control technology for NSV, the NSV dynamics model and the fault types of the flight control system are firstly introduced. Then,the existing main problems and shortcomings of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control technology for NSV in recent years and some new results are presented. Finally, the future directions of development and challenges for NSV in the field of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control are predicted.