中文摘要：

托孤是中国古代相沿已久的民间习惯，它调整的是未成年子孙的人身照顾和家产管理问题。从传世的11件托孤遗嘱来看，具有较为固定的内容和操作程序。监护是基于权利保护而对被监护人行为能力补充效果的一种法律制度。托孤与监护的差异，意味着不同的伦常观念和社会结构。因此，澄清托孤习惯在传统社会的原貌，梳理近代未成年人监护制度对托孤习惯的立法改造，对理解家产制视野下的托孤习惯以及近代西方法移植都有重要意义。

英文摘要：

Entrusting an orphan to a relative or friend was a folk custom to be handed down for a long time in ancient China for personal care and family property of minor children .Entrusting an orphan to a rela-tive or friend had fixed content and firm operation procedure from eleven wills of entrusting an orphan view . Guardianship is a legal institution that based on protection of juveniles ’ right to replenish act capacity for per-son under guardianship .The difference between entrusting an orphan to a relative or friend and guardianship imply different family ethics concept and social structure .So clarifying the prototype of custom of entrusting an orphan to a relative or friend in traditional society and combing the legislation reform of this custom by modern minor guardianship system is of great importance in understanding custom of entrusting an orphan in the per -spective of patrimonialism and western law transplantation in modern times .