中文摘要：

Stroke has become one of the secondary worldwide mortal diseases that burdens the family and the society both emotionally and economically.The announcement of China's Ministry of Health in 2008 showed that stroke had been the first cause of death in urban and rural residents.1,2 Traditional therapies such as thrombolysis,anti-platelets,and rehabilitation showed limited effects.Replacement therapy with stem cells promises to be a good solution due to its possible thorough therapy for the damaged brain area,reconstruction of neuronal circuitry,and probable long-term efficacy.

英文摘要：

Stroke has become one of the secondary worldwide mortal diseases that burdens the family and the society both emotionally and economically. The announcement of China＇s Ministry of Health in 2008 showed that stroke had been the first cause of death in urban and rural residents.1.2 Traditional therapies such as thrombolysis, anti-platelets, and rehabilitation showed limited effects. Replacement therapy with stem cells promises to be a good solution due to its possible thorough therapy for the damaged brain area, reconstruction of neuronal circuitry, and probable long-term efficacy. Previous studies demonstrated that stem ceils have played crucial roles in various kinds of tissue repair and immune disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, skeletal diseases, arthritis diseases, and lupus erythematodes.37 Evidence from lab experiments and clinical trials implies that adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs） would be a feasible and ideal cell therapy source because of their multi-differentiation potentials, easy collection, low invasion to donor patients, rapid in vitro amplification, reliable biosafety, non-immunogenicity, privileged immune modulation, and escaping from ethical issues.8-12： Data on neurological disease treatment found that ADSCs transplantation protected against acute inflammatory injury, delayed neuron degeneration, and improved neurological behaviors.12-15 Previously, the detailed mechanisms by which transplanted ADSCs induce functional recovery for stroke treatment are far from being clearly demonstrated. Some proposed reasonable mechanisms just stayed at the level of explanation and hypothesis due to the absence of solid experimental evidence.13-14 In this article, we analyzed the previous data to figure out some new paths or ideas which may do favor to future translational clinical studies.