中文摘要：

目的研究重庆地区雌性恒河猴性周期的行为、内生殖器随季节的变化。方法36只人工饲养条件下的成年雌性恒河猴，①建立恒河猴个体月经史档案，观察不同生殖季节性周期的行为变化。②用彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）和MRI检测不同生殖季节恒河猴子宫形态、子宫内膜厚度在月经周期中的变化。③剖腹探查，直视下测量子宫各径线。结果10月至次年2月恒河猴的月经周期短而规则，CDFI和MRI检测子宫内膜线清晰可见。3月至9月恒河猴的月经周期多不规则，CDFI和MRI检测子宫内膜线模糊，子宫内膜组织、卵巢组织随月经周期变化不明显。结论重庆地区人工饲养条件下，雌性恒河猴的生殖季节为10月至次年2月，非生殖季节为3月至9月，其性周期的行为、内生殖器随季节变化明显。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the seasonal changes of behaviors and internal sexual organs during sexual cycle among female rhesus monkeys Macaca mulatta in Chongqing. Materials and Methods A total of 36 adult female rhesus monkeys in captivity were studied. A menstruation history file was established for each monkey, and the behavior changes during sexual cycle in different reproductive seasons were observed. Changes of uterus shape and endometrium thickness at menstrual cycle in different reproductive seasons were evaluated using Color-Doppler Flow Imaging （CDFI） and MRI. All monkeys then underwent laparotomy to measure the size of the uterus. Results From October to February of the next year, menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkeys was short and regular, and the endomentrium lines were clear under CDFI and MRI. From March to September, the menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkeys was irregular, the endomentrium lines were unclear, and the endometrial and ovary tissues did not change obviously at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Conclusion For captive female rhesus monkey in Chongqing, reproductive seasons are from October to February of the next year, and nonreproductive seasons are from March to September. There are obvious seasonal changes of sexual cycle behaviors and inner sexual organs.