中文摘要：

以便在冰热力学和力学理解冰的物理性质的主导的因素，在原处，冰生长的观察和腐烂过程被执行。二采样在快、稳定的冰生长阶段被进行。冰片被用来在冰观察冰晶体和煤气的水泡，并且测量冰密度。类型的垂直侧面和煤气的水泡的冰晶体，形状和尺寸的尺寸起泡内容，以及冰密度，被获得。冰片的上面的层是小粒的冰和更低的层的结果表演是圆柱的冰；平均水晶尺寸与冰深度增加并且在快、稳定的冰生长阶段仍然保持稳定；在冰片的上面的层的煤气的水泡的形状与更高全部的内容是球形的，并且在中间的形状和更低的层是有更低的全部的内容的柱体；煤气的水泡尺寸和内容与冰生长阶段变化；并且有煤气的水泡的增加的冰密度减少满足。

英文摘要：

In order to understand the dominant factors of the physical properties of ice in ice thermodynamics and mechanics, in-situ observations of ice growth and decay processes were carried out. Two samplings were conducted in the fast and steady ice growth stages. Ice pieces were used to observe ice crystals and gas bubbles in ice, and to measure the ice density. Vertical profiles of the type and size of ice crystals, shape and size of gas bubbles, and gas bubble content, as well as the ice density, were obtained. The results show that the upper layer of the ice pieces is granular ice and the lower layer is columnar ice; the average crystal size increases with the ice depth and remains steady in the fast and steady ice growth stages; the shape of gas bubbles in the upper layer of ice pieces is spherical with higher total content, and the shape in the middle and lower layers is cylinder with lower total content; the gas bubble size and content vary with the ice growth stage; and the ice density decreases with the increase of the gas bubble content.