中文摘要：

为了研究温度梯度、冻结速率、土样高度和竖向压力对冻胀的综合影响,在不同试验条件下对饱和粉土进行了一系列一维土柱冻胀试验,试验中测量土样温度、竖向压力、冻胀量和补水量。试验结果表明：在温度场处于准稳态时,冻胀速率与温度梯度成正比例增长关系,冻胀速率随着竖向压力增大而线性减小;定义比冻结速率为冻结速率与土样高度之比,当温度场处于瞬态时,冻胀速率随比冻结速率成幂函数增长,增长率随着比冻结速率增大而减小。提出了综合考虑温度梯度、冻结速率、竖向压力和土样高度的冻胀计算公式,在此基础上推导了考虑水分迁移的冻土热扩散方程,提出了模拟冻胀和温度变化的数值模拟方法,通过一个数值算例计算了冻结过程中的温度和冻胀量变化,并与实测结果对比验证了该方法的可靠性。

英文摘要：

A series of experiments on frost heaving of 1D saturated silt columns were conducted under the different experimental conditions to comprehensively investigate the influence of temperature gradients,freezing rate,height of sample and vertical load on frost heaving. The temperature of samples,the vertical load,and the amount of frost heaving and the water intake were measured during each experiment. The experimental results show that when the temperature is quasi-steady,the frost heaving rate increases proportionally with the temperature gradient and decreases linearly with the vertical load. The specific freezing rate was defined as the ratio of freezing rate to the height of sample. When the temperature is unsteady,the frost heaving rate increases with the specific freezing rate in the form of power law and the rate of increasing decreases as the specific freezing rate increases. A formula for calculating the frost heaving was presented upon the comprehensively consideration of the temperature gradient,freezing rate,vertical load and height of sample. The thermal diffusion equationconsidering the water migration in frozen soil was deduced on the basis of the formula of frost heaving and the numerically solution was presented. The numerical results of the variation of temperature and frost heaving were compared with the experimental data,which confirmed the reliability of the simulating method.