中文摘要：

心理理论是社会认知的核心能力之一。现有的心理理论ERP研究以心理理论较为公认的4个成分信念、愿望、意图和情绪为框架，表现出了一些一致性的规律：心理理论相关的脑电成分根据不同的心理理论成分而有所区分；不同心理理论成分诱发的相关脑电出现的位置表现出跨任务的一致性：心理理论的ERP发展研究在儿童身上表现出与成人类似的结果，但也具有时间窗口更长，位置分布更宽广的特性。未来的研究需要设计出更符合ERP研究技术要求的任务范式，并注意心理理论概念结构的完整性，还应探寻心理理论各成分加工的共同电生理基础。

英文摘要：

Theory of mind is one of the core abilities of social cognition. Most event-related potential （ERP） studies on theory of mind were conducted under the framework of multiple elements, including belief, desire, intention, and emotion. Previous studies have suggested several converging results： first, different elements in theory of mind might elicit distinct ERP components; second, the ERP components associated with specific elements suggest consistent patterns of scalp distribution across task paradigm; third, the developmental ERP studies on theory of mind reveal similar patterns in children and adults, except longer time window and broader distribution for children. Future research could focus on issues as follows： to design task paradigm fit for ERP technical demands; to complete the framework of theory of mind; to further explore the general electrophysiological mechanisms underlying theory of mind processing.