中文摘要：

基因定点突变技术在基因组原位改变基因特定序列，避免常规转基因过程中位置效应和插入失活。定点突变生物体不含转基因或标记基因，降低风险性。高等植物基因定点突变研究初见端倪，将可能为基因原位功能研究、作物遗传改良和分子设计提供有效策略。利用锌指蛋白核酸酶（zinc finger nucleases，ZFN）引入DNA定点断裂（double-strand breaks，DSBs）可以高效介导基因定点突变，使得ZFN在基因定点突变中倍受关注。综述了植物基因定点突变的一般策略，重点介绍了锌指蛋白的结构、原理、应用，特别是ZFN介导的植物基因定点突变与置换研究进展，并对ZFN介导的植物基因定点突变与置换应用前景进行了讨论。

英文摘要：

Gene targeted mutagenesis and replacement can be used to modify gene sequence m genomlc background without position effect or insertion inactivation in transgenic plants. Targeted mutagenesis organism has little biosafety concerns free of transgenes or marker genes. Gone targeted mutagenesis and replacement in high plants now appears to be a potential tool for gene functional analysis in situ, crops genetic improvement and molecular design. Zinc finger nuclease （ZFN）is most important and would be widely used in gene targeted mutagenesis and replacement through introducing double-strand breaks in genome. Strategies for gene targeted mutagenesis and replacement in plants is discussed. ZFN is described in detail from its structure, operation model and application in plants. Developmental prospect of ZFN in plant gene targeted mutagenesis and replacement is also discussed.