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中文摘要：
采集了柴油机不同运行时间的润滑油样本，采用中红外光谱测量了润滑油吸光度的变化情况，利用扫描电子显微镜观察了润滑油的形貌特征，通过X射线能谱考察了润滑油中金属元素的种类和数量。研究结果表明：波数1376cm。处的润滑油样本峰值代表润滑油的吸光度值，反映了润滑油氧化变质的程度，该处的润滑油吸光度值下降了0．01A，说明润滑油的氧化变质程度较高，应及时更换润滑油；随着柴油机运行时间的延长，润滑油的颗粒直径增加，粘结性增强，易聚集粘结呈块状分布，使润滑油流动性变差，工作能力下降；样品中检测到的Cu、Mg、Zn、Si等元素来自于摩擦件的磨损，Cu、Zn元素还来自于轴瓦磨损，Si、Al元素主要是由活塞磨损产生。
英文摘要：
Lubricating oil samples of different operating periods were collected to measure their optical absorbance change by mid-infrared spectroscopy, observe the morphology feature by scanning electron microscopy, and investigate kinds and quantity of metal elements by X-ray spectroscopy. It is concluded from the results： the position of wave number peak 1376/em represents the lubricating oil optical absorbance value, being its oxidized and deteriorated index. The optical absorbance value there lowers by 0. 01 A, meaning the lubricating oil have been oxidized badly and should be replaced in time. With operating time increasing the particle size in lubricating oil increases, lubricating oil adhesion enhances and it is easy to bond into block, leading to poor liquidity and lubricating capacity. Elements Cu, Mg, Zn, Si etc. detected in the samples come from friction part wear, Cu and Zn come from bearing wear, Si and A1 are produced by piston wear. This study provides a theoretical basis for determining the replacement period of lubricating oil.
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