中文摘要：

生物膜法污水处理工艺对污染物的降解去除主要依赖活性生物膜,研究生物膜的结构和传质特性是揭示反应机理和提高反应器处理效率的重要手段.综述了近年来国外在生物膜微环境和微观传质过程中的研究进展,包括对生物膜微观结构的解析、膜内不同菌系的分布特征及其功能以及生物膜的传质现象和数学模型.在此基础上,提出了生物膜研究领域今后应开展的研究方向.

英文摘要：

The performance of biofilm wastewater treatment process is mainly dependent on the active biofilm, therefore, to study the characteristics of its structure and its mass transfer is an important way to reveal the reaction principles and to enhance the performance of the process. The research progress on micro-environments and mass transfer in biofilm was introduced in the article, including the analysis of biofilm micro-structure, distribution of microbial communities and micro-mass transfer in biofilm, as well as kinetics models. Besides, future research directions have been put forward.