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中文摘要：
大尺度的盐化和碱化特征及其关系研究，对于充分认识苏打盐碱土特征和农业高效利用具有重要意义。本文以松嫩平原西部典型县市为研究区，在采集126份土壤样品的基础上，测定其盐化与碱化指标，分析了该地区盐碱化特征。松嫩平原西部盐渍土盐分组成总体上以苏打（Na2C03）和小苏打（NaHCO，）为主。Na＋离子占土壤阳离子总量的比例多在70％以上，C03。和HC03离子在阴离子中占优势。电导率（y）和土壤全盐含量（x）建立的回归方程为Y=0．0985X＋0．1742（R2=0．941），用电导率来表示土壤含盐量具有可行性。采集的样品中，盐渍化土壤所占的比例比较大，pH强碱性土壤比例较高。pH与总碱度呈指数关系（R2=0．9677），土壤盐化的同时发生着碱化现象。不同土壤类型，盐土的电导率最高，其次是碱土和草甸土，pH均较高。耕地的盐碱化程度好于草地。本研究可以为松嫩平原盐碱土改良与利用以及区域生态环境建设提供理论基础。
英文摘要：
It is important to study soil salinization-alkalinization characteristics in large scale district for fully understanding the characteristics of this soil and efficient agriculture. Based on 126 collected soil samples in 6 typical counties of western Songnen Plain, salinization and alkaline indexes were determined and the features in the area were analyzed. In general the soil salt of western Songnen Plain mainly were Na2CO3 and baking soda （NaHCO3）, the proportion of Na~ accounted for more than 70% of the total amount of soil cations, CO32- and HCO3- gave priority to in total anions. Regression equation （y = 0.0985x ＋ 0.1742） was established between electrical conductivity （y） and soil total salt content （x） with R2=0.941, which showed the feasibility of describing soil salinity by electrical conductivity. The proportion of saline soil with high soil pH in all samples was higher. An exponential relationship （R2=0.9677） between total alkalinity and pH was obtained. Soil salinization happening at the same time when basification phenomenon happened. Solonchak soil had the highest electrical conductivity, followed by Solonetz soil and meadow soil, pH value of all soil types were high. The soil salinity of cultivated land was lower than grassland. This study could provide theoretical basis for improving and utilizing saline-alkalie soil, and regional ecological environment construction of Songnen Plain.
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