中文摘要：

介绍了膨胀型阻燃剂的组成（酸源、炭源、气源）、分类（有机含磷膨胀型阻燃剂和无机膨胀型石墨阻燃剂）、阻燃机理及研究现状，列举了磷一氮膨胀型阻燃剂和膨胀石墨阻燃剂两种膨胀型阻燃剂的研究及应用现状，并分析了这两种阻燃剂在应用过程中的阻燃机理及阻燃效果。最后提出了要从协同阻燃、表面改性、微胶囊技术等方面来提效膨胀型阻燃剂的发展趋势。

英文摘要：

Intumescent flame retardants （IFR） had been taken more and more attention for its environment-friendly, high efficiency, and anti-dripping behaviors. This paper summarized the composition, flame retardant mechanism, and applications of P-N-Based and the expansible graphite-based IFR. The approaches to enhance the flame retardant efficiency of IFR were also discussed, including synergistic technology, surface modification, and microencapsulation. In the end, the future development of IFR was forecast.