中文摘要：

目的：研究细辛的肾毒性及其与细辛剂型剂量之间的相关性。方法：以灌服蒸馏水为空白对照,分别以不同剂量的细辛水煎剂、细辛散剂和麻黄附子细辛汤复方为受试药物,连续60天给SD大鼠灌胃给药,通过检测尿蛋白、血清肌酐、血尿素氮等生化指标和观察组织切片,评价细辛不同使用方式对大鼠肾脏的损伤作用。结果：细辛散剂组在3.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1的给药剂量下,各生化指标与空白组比较P〈0.05,有显著性差异,大鼠肾脏组织受到严重损伤,并普遍死亡;在1.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1的给药剂量下,同样引起了大鼠肾组织的明显损伤;在0.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1的给药剂量下,大鼠肾组织未表现出损伤,且生化指标与空白对照组比较P〉0.05,均无显著性差异。当细辛生药量达到33.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1时,细辛水煎剂组方表现出轻微的肾组织损伤,在16.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1和3.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1剂量下,细辛水煎剂组未表现出肾组织病理变化,生化指标与空白对照组比较P〉0.05,均无显著性差异。对麻黄附子细辛汤而言,在细辛生药用量达到16.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1时,开始出现大鼠轻微肾损伤,而在3.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1剂量下未表现出肾组织病理变化,生化指标与空白对照组比较P〉0.05,也均无显著性差异。结论：在大鼠中,肾脏是细辛致毒的靶器官之一,并且大鼠肾损伤与细辛用法用量密切相关,散剂的毒性显著强于水煎剂和复方麻黄附子细辛汤。

英文摘要：

Objective： To investigation the correlation between nephrotoxicity and dosage form and doses of Asari Radix et Rhizoma. Methods： In 60 days, different dosage forms of Asari Radix et Rhizoma including Asari Radix et Rhizoma decoction, Asari Radix et Rhizoma powders and Compound Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang were taken into the experiment as test drugs at different doses, with distilled water was blank control material. Several biochemical indices that are urinary protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed to evaluate nephrotoxicity. Results： In Asari Radix et Rhizoma powder group, biochemical indicators showed obviously difference with compare to the normal control group P〈0.05, kidney tissue of the tested rats suffered severe damage and most of the rats were dead at the dose of 3.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1,At the dose of 0.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1, kidney tissue of rats showed no damage and biochemical indices have no obvious difference compared to the normal control group. In Asari Radix et Rhizoma decoction group, kidney tissue of rats showed a slight injury while the amount of crude drug Asari Radix et Rhizoma reached to 33.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1; however, no pathological changes could be observed when the doses were either at 16.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1 or at 3.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1, and biochemical indicators had no obvious difference if compared to the normal control group P〉0.05. For Mahuang fiazi xixin Tang, when the dose of Asari Radix et Rhizoma crud drug was added to more than 16.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1 it would make light damage in kidney of the tested rats, but these were no pathological changes in renal tissue when the dose of Asari Radix et Rhizoma crud drug was just 3.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1, and biochemical indicators showed no difference with compare to the normal control group P〉0.05. Conclusions： Nephrotoxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma were manifested in the injury of kidney. The toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma was significantly related to its preparation, the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma powders was rema