中文摘要：

气孔调节功能是陆地生态系统碳-水耦合过程中最重要的环节。与即时的气孔导度测量相比,气孔导度斜率能有效地反映气孔导度对CO2浓度、饱和水汽压亏缺和光合作用的敏感性,包含了环境因子对光合作用和临界水分利用效率等的综合影响,为研究全球变化下陆地生态系统碳-水耦合关系提供了一个简明且综合的框架。气孔导度模型从经验模型、半经验模型发展到机理模型,经过很多学者的改进,但是模型参数的生物学意义和变化规律还不明确。鉴于气孔导度斜率方面研究的重要性和研究的不足,为了加强对气孔导度调节规律的认识,并减少气孔导度模拟的不确定性,该文主要综述了长期以来国内外关于最优气孔行为理论和气孔导度模拟方面的研究成果,其中包括广泛使用的气孔导度模型及参数意义,讨论影响气孔导度斜率的主要因素以及气孔导度机理模型的应用,并对最优气孔行为理论和气孔导度模拟方面的研究做了简单展望。

英文摘要：

Among the most critical processes in simulating terrestrial ecosystem performance is the regulatory role of stomata in carbon and water cycles. Compared with field measurements, the changes in stomatal slope caused by the biophysical environment provide a simple but effective synthetic framework for studying climate-related carbon and water cycling, due to its sensitivity to CO_2, vapor pressure deficit, and photosynthesis. It is also crucial in understanding the effects of climate change on photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Endeavored by numerous scholastic efforts, stomatal conductance models have been improved based on experimental, semi-experimental, and mechanical processes. However, the underlying biological mechanisms and the dynamics of key parameters in these models remain unexplored, especially regarding the changes in stomatal slope. By improving the understanding of the stomata＇s regulatory role, we reduced the uncertainty of stomatal conductance simulation. We then synthesized the recent developments and lessons in optimal stomatal behavior theory to simulate stomatal conductance and included an introduction to widely used stomatal conductance models and parameters, the main factors influencing stomatal slopes, and applications of the mechanical stomatal conductance models in different ecosystems. Based on our literature review, we proposed that future research is needed on the optimal stomatal behavior theory and its applications in simulating stomatal conductance.