中文摘要：

为探明光照对水稻根、叶界面氮氧化物排放的调控机制,用密闭箱法,探讨了光照对开花结实期水稻叶际及根际氮氧化物排放的影响。结果表明,相同氮源(NH4NO3-N,N质量浓度90 mg/L),日间光照为6 000、8 000 lx条件下,同期水稻叶际N2O和NO排放速率分别为27.08、29.15μg/(盆·h)和2.25、0.94μg/(盆·h),分别占N2O和NO总排放的57.38%、54.19%和76.79%、51.93%;光强(1 600 lx)一致条件下,同期用发光二极管控制的黄、绿、白、红、蓝光处理水稻叶际N2O排放速率分别为2.16、13.40、1.07、3.82和7.08μg/(盆·h),红、蓝光在抑制水稻叶际N2O及根际NO排放的同时,有效提高了水稻根际N2O排放速率;相同条件下,红、白光能促进叶际NO排放,蓝光明显抑制了水稻根、叶界面NO排放,但水稻根、叶界面均无明显的NO2净排放作用(P>0.05);0~8 000 lx范围内,水稻根、叶界面N2O及根际NO排放随光强增加而增加,但高光强(8 000 lx)处理有降低叶际NO排放作用(P<0.05)。从试验结果看,水稻根、叶界面排放的90%以上的氮氧化物是N2O,且叶际N2O排放受根际N2O控制。研究表明适度增加红、蓝光比例并依据供氮水平同步调节光强,可有效抑制水稻根、叶界面氮氧化物排放。研究结果为水稻开花结实期根、叶界面气态氮氧化物减排的光控技术提供了重要依据和参考。

英文摘要：

In order to clarify the contribution of rice plants to nitrogen oxides gases (NOGs) emissions, such as N2O and NOx (NO and NO2), and understand the control mechanism of light quality and intensity, the NOGs emissions from rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere and their relationship with light quality and intensity were investigated at the flowering and seed setting stage in a liquid culture medium system. Under controlled nitrogen (N) and controlled light conditions in a light-water incubator with the separation of the inner chamber and outer chamber, the experimentation strictly separated and sealed the phyllosphere in the inner chamber and the roots in the outer chamber without harm occurring on the rice plants. For different weak light qualities (yellow, green, white, red and blue lights) and intensities (dark, 0; weak, 4 000 lx; moderate, 6 000 lx; strong, 8 000 lx), using double-chamber method, a simultaneous leaf and root determination was designed to measure the source of NOGs emissions. N2O concentration of air samples was analyzed by the gas chromatography within 10 h (from 8:00 to 18:00), while NOx (NO and NO2) gas was measured by the 42i type NO-NO2-NOx gas analyzer simultaneously. The results showed that: 1) Under a constant nitrogen nutrient (concentration of N was 90 mg/L, NH4NO3-N), when rice seedlings were treated with moderate (6 000 lx) and strong light (8 000 lx), the average rates of N2O and NO emission from rice phyllosphere were 27.08, 29.15μg/(pot·h) and 2.25, 0.94μg/(pot·h), accounting for 57.38%, 54.19% and 76.79%, 51.93% of the total N2O and NO evaporation loss for the whole rice plant, respectively. More than 90% of NOGs released from rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere was N2O, but no evident NO2 emission was detected under the same condition. 2) Under a constant light intensity (1 600 lx), N2O emission of rice phyllosphere in yellow, green, white, red and blue lights was 2.16, 13.40, 1.07, 3.82 and 7.08μg/(pot·h), respectively. N2O emission of rice phyllosphere and NO release of rice