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江西大岗山杉木凋落层土壤动物群落动态及多样性

ISSN号：1001-1498
期刊名称：《林业科学研究》
时间：0
分类：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种;农业科学—林学]
作者机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091, [2]长白山国家级自然保护区管理局,吉林安图133613, [3]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,北京100081
相关基金：科技部社会公益研究专项资金项目资助项目（编号2000-177）本研究得到了中国林业科学研究院大岗山生态定位站拿体人员的大力支持,在此一并致谢.

作者：林英华[1], 刘海良[2], 张夫道[3], 白秀兰[1], 王兵[1]

关键词：土壤动物群落, 动态, 集聚, 杉木林, 江西, soil fauna community , dynamics , accumulating , Chinese fir forest , Jiangxi

中文摘要：

为获得更接近自然状态下森林凋落层土壤动物群落，于2002年1月至12月，采用凋落袋法（网孔5、1、1／300nl／nm）对江西大岗山杉木纯林和混交林（杉木2：鹅掌楸1）凋落层土壤动物群落及其凋落叶分解过程中的动态变化进行研究。在168只凋落袋中，共采集到土壤动物4321只，隶属3门11纲30目，其中大型土壤动物优势类群有膜翅目、后孔寡毛目、鞘翅目和双翅目；中小型土壤动物优势类群有弹尾目和蜱螨目。凋落层的土壤动物以杂食性、植食性和捕食性为主。土壤动物数量在两种林型的1-3月份数量均呈递增趋势，土壤动物类群在杉木纯林1-5月份以及杉木混交林4-7月份呈递增趋势，两种林型土壤动物类群数和个体数在d=0．05差别不显著，其个体数和类群数大小均为杉木混交林〉杉木纯林。在三种类型凋落袋中，土壤动物总类群数和个体总数均为网孔1〉5〉1／300。土壤动物多样性指数随时间推移，基本呈递增的趋势；优势度在纯林中呈递减的趋势。两种林型森林凋落物土壤动物群落异质性较高。后孔寡毛目在杉木混交林凋落物中集聚的时间最长，鞘翅目集聚的时间最短，分别为8．42和6．45个月；膜翅目在杉木纯林凋落物中集聚的时间最长，弹尾目集聚的时间最短，分别为9．90和7．91个月。

英文摘要：

Soil fauna community and its dynamics during leaf litter decomposition were investigated by litterbag method （from Jan. to Dem., 2002） in Chinese fir pure and mixed forest（ Chinese fir： Chinese tuliptree = 2：1 ）at Dagangshan, Jiangxi Province. 4 321individuals were collected from 168 litterbags, which belonged to 3 Phyla, 11 Classes, 30 Orders, the most dominant taxa of macrofauna was Hymenoptera,O1. Opisthopora,Coleoptera and Dip- tera;of meso and microfauna were Collembola and Acariforms. Most were Omnivores, Phytophage and Predators in forest litter. The number of individuals of two type of forest was trended towards increasing during Jan. to Mar. , while the number of soil fauna group was trended towards increasing during Jan. to May in Chinese fir forest and Apr. to Jul. in mixed forest, the difference of individual and community number between two types of forest was not significant at α = 0.05. Both the individual and group of soil fauna were in mixed forest 〉 Chinese fir forest. Both soil fauna individual and group were in the order from high to low： 5 mm〉 1 mm〉 1/300 mm in three mesh size of litterbags. The diversity of soil fauna community was trended towards increasing, and dominance of Chinese fir forestwas trended towards decreasing with the lapse of time. Soil fauna community was more heterogeneous at different for- ests. The colonized time of O1. Opisthopora and Coleoptera were 8.42 and 6.45 months at mixed forest respectively, while Hymenoptera and Collembola were 9.48 and 7.91 months respectively at Chinese fir forest.