中文摘要：

海冰灾害一直是冬季困扰中国渤海和黄海的最主要的海洋灾害之一。近10 a来,随着社会经济的不断发展,渤海的海冰灾害呈现出新的特点。运用近10 a的冰情、气象以及社会经济统计等数据,对2004年以来渤海海水灾害特征进行了分析。结果显示：莱州湾地区气温、寒潮、结冰期等引起的海冰面积与冰厚增大是致灾因子危害性增大的主要原因,其单位经济密度的不断增大以及渔业产业结构的单一化是承载体暴露性增大的主要特征。因此,近10 a来莱州湾地区成为环渤海地区海冰灾害的重灾区。未来应当重点加强莱州湾地区海冰灾害的防御性措施,改善海洋经济的产业结构,培育引进抗低温养殖品种,从而降低海冰灾害的损失。

英文摘要：

Sea ice disaster has always been one of the most main marine disasters of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in winter. In the last decade, with the development of social economy, sea ice disasters of the Bohai Sea have presented some new characteristics. Based on the ice scale, meteorological and economic data, in this article the sea ice disaster characteristics of the Bohai Sea since 2004 were analyzed. The results show that cold wave, temperature and icing period are main reasons leading to the enlargement of sea ice area and thickness in Laizhou Bay, which is the dominant for the increasing regional hazard risk. Meanwhile the rising unit marine economy density and the structure simplification of the fisheries industry are main features revealing the exposure. Therefore Laizhou Bay has been a heaviest sea ice disaster area in Bohai Sea encircling area. It thus can be concluded that defensive measures against sea ice disaster in Laizhou Bay, have to be focused on in the future. In addition, the damage caused by sea ice disaster will be reduced by means of improving the marine economy industrial structure, introducing and nurturing new cultivated varieties with chilling tolerance which can grow well under low temperature stress.