中文摘要：

以聚乙炔、聚芴、聚噻吩、聚苯撑为代表的荧光共轭聚合物,由于具有独特的光学性能、自组装性能和结构与性能的可调控性,可作为优异的光学传感材料。利用其具有较高摩尔消光系数和荧光量子产率的特点,可设计具有较高灵敏度和选择性的传感器,这已成为生物传感领域的研究热点。以荧光共轭聚合物为基础的金属离子检测,最初是以非水溶性的共轭聚合物为主,通过金属离子与聚合物链上特定基团（如吡啶、冠醚）的结合引起的聚合物荧光性质的变化可实现对某些离子的检测。在共轭聚合物主链上引入亲水性侧链,可大大增强共轭聚合物的水溶性,为金属离子的生物传感检测提供了新的思路,例如可引入能与金属离子结合的生物分子（如DNA、糖基等）来设计传感策略,进一步提高检测的特异性和灵敏度。本文综述了近年来以非水溶性和水溶性荧光共轭聚合物为传感材料,对具有重要生物学意义的重金属离子（Hg^2＋、Pb^2＋）、过渡金属离子（Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋、Fe^3＋、Fe^2＋、Ru^3＋、Ag^＋）和稀土元素离子（Eu^3＋）,以及碱金属离子（K^＋、Na^＋、Li^＋）进行高灵敏度检测方面的研究进展,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Conjugated fluorescent polymers（CPs） such as polyacetylene,polyfluorene,polythiophene and polyphenylene derivatives have unique optical properties,self-assembly performance and regulable structure and properties.They have been used as excellent optical sensing materials to develop high sensitive and selective sensors by utilizing the large extinction coefficient and high fluorescence quantum yield of conjugated polymers,which have been a research hot spot in the field of biosensors.Detection of metal ions based on the conjugated polymer primarily relies on the non-water-soluble conjugated polymers.Metal ions can be detected by investigating the changes of the optical characteristics of the polymers induced by the combination of metal ions with some units such as bipyridyl and crown ethers on the polymer chains.Water solubility of conjugated polymers can be improved by appending hydrophilic side chains on the main chain of polymer,which provide many new ideas for the design of metal ions biosensors.For example,some biomolecules such as DNA and glucopyranose can be used to designschemes in order to improve the sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of metal ions.This review summarizes the recent progress of highly sensitive detection of heavy metal ions（Hg^2＋,Pb^2＋）,transition-metal ions（Cu2^＋,Ni^2＋,Fe^3＋,Fe^2＋,Ru^3＋,Ag^＋）,rare earth element ion（Eu^3＋）,and alkali metal ions（K^＋,Na^＋,Li^＋） based on non-water-soluble and water-soluble conjugated fluorescent polymers.The development prospects of the field is presented.