中文摘要：

sRNA（非编码小RNA）通过碱基配对的方式与靶mRNA结合,抑制或激活转录过程、调节蛋白质的表达,以核酸的形式发挥其生物学功能。随着RNA深度测序（RNAseq）技术、生物信息学预测以及实验分析手段的日渐发展和完善,数以百计的sRNA被发现并得到验证。作为转录后调控因子,sRNA因在诸多生理过程中起到了关键的调节作用而得到了广泛的关注。以革兰氏阳性菌为切入点,总结了近年来sRNA的筛选、鉴定和功能研究等方面取得的进展,梳理分析了sRNA调控与毒力因子、群体感应、铁代谢和双组分系统等之间的内在联系,并展望了sRNA未来的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Bacterial small non-coding RNAs（ sRNAs）,an emerging class of regulatory RNAs,interact with their mRNA targets by base-pairing to inhibit or activate their translation,regulate expression of protein,and possess various biological functions. Recently, with the development of RNA-seq, bioinformatics and experimental techniques, hundreds of sRNAs have been explored in bacteria. As regulator factors at the posttranscriptional level,sRNAs have received extensive attention due to their important roles in biological processes. The sRNAs in gram-positive bacteria are focused on. The researches on screening,identification and functions of sRNA are summarized and the inherent relation between sRNAs and virulence factors,quorum sensing,iron metabolism as well as two-component system is elucidated and analyzed,whilst future study trends were proposed.