中文摘要：

目的研究青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）和先天性脊柱侧凸（CS）畸形最严重部位一顶椎凸、凹侧下关节突软骨中Ⅱ型胶原、转化生长因子β1（TGF—β1）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）的表达特点。方法22例AIS患者，18例CS患者作为研究对象。取两组患者的顶椎和端椎凸、凹侧的下关节突，采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色、免疫组化和原位杂交方法观察关节突的病理改变和Ⅱ型胶原、TGF-β1及bFGF在关节突中分布的特点。将所得的免疫组化和原位杂交图像输入图像分析系统，进行半定量分析，并作统计学分析。结果Ⅱ型胶原、TGF-β1、bFGF在AIS和CS中的有基本相似的表达特点，免疫组化和原位杂交方法均显示顶椎凹侧的表达高于凸侧，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；上下端椎的凸凹侧之间及凸凹侧的上下端椎之间的表达差异无统计学意义，顶椎、上下端椎各对应部位在AIS与CS之间的表达差异无统计学意义；Ⅱ型胶原在凸侧与凹侧顶椎的表达高于同侧上、下端椎，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论AIS和CS顶椎关节突软骨呈现退变及发育不全等征象，凹侧较凸侧明显。AIS和CS中Ⅱ型胶原、TGF—β1及bFGF在顶椎凹侧表达的增高可能为脊柱畸形后异常的生物力学引起了关节突细胞间基质重建而进行代偿的结果。压应力可引起TGF—β1及bFGF的表达增高；压应力和张应力均可以引起Ⅱ型胶原的表达增高，但顶椎凹侧压应力比凸侧张应力的影响更大。

英文摘要：

Objective To look into the character of the expression of collagen type Ⅱ and transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） ,basic fibroblast growth factor（bFGF） in the apical articular process cartilages of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis （ AIS ） and congenital scoliosis （ CS ） patients. Methods The articular processes of 22 AIS and 18 CS were collected. The techniques of HE staining, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were adopted in this research. By comparing the apical processes with the end processes, the convex processes with the concave processes, the AIS processes with CS processes, the pathological changes of the articular process cartilages of these patients and the distribution of collagen type Ⅱ and TGF-β1 ,bFGF in them were studied. The images of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were input into the image analysis system and were analyzed semi-quantitatively. The SAS software （ 8.01 ） was adopted, and P〈0.05 was defined as the significant level. Results The expression of collagen type Ⅱ and TGF-β1bFGF in AIS was similar to CS ：the concave sides of apexes were higher than the convex sides. The comparisons had statistical significance. There was no statistical significance between upper and lower end vertebrae in convex and concave sides, between convex and concave sides in upper and lower end vertebrae. The apical vertebrae were significantly higher than the ipsilateral sides of upper or lower end vertebrae for collagen type Ⅱ. There was no statistical difference of the expression at the concave,convex, upper, lower end vertebrae between AIS and CS. Conclusions The cartilages of the apical processes show some signs of regression and hypoplasia in scoliosis. The concave side is more severe than the convex side. Increase of collagen type Ⅱ and TGF-β1,bFGF in the concave sides of apical processes in scoliosis may be the results of reconstruction of extracellular matrix and the compensation reactions which are caused by abnormal biomechanical force