中文摘要：

对长白山地区常见的泥炭地25个属31个种植物进行了植硅体形态鉴定统计，共发现植硅体类型15种，它们分别是硅化气孔、棒型、扇型、板型、硅质突起、尖型、导管型、帽型、齿型、哑铃型、鞍型、多边帽型、毛发型等。除禾本科和莎草科、菊科部分植物植硅体含量高外，木贼科、堇菜科、茜草科、蓼科等部分植物植硅体的含量也较高。禾本科植物的短细胞植硅体对植物分类有意义，但可能因采样环境和种类差异等原因，长白山泥炭湿地禾本科植物的植硅体在形态和数量上都与其他区域同类研究结果有所差异，如禾本科早熟禾亚科的茼草中新发现了含量丰富的枕木型植硅体，黍亚科的荩草和水稗中还发现少量帽型植硅体；另外菊科兴安一枝黄花和齿苞风毛菊含有大量的特殊的尖形植硅体。硅化气孔宽度大小可指示环境湿度状况，对硅化气孔的数量和大小的深入研究将对古环境和古CO2浓度的恢复有一定帮助。长白山泥炭湿地植物的植硅体与植物的分类关系密切，湿地植物植硅体中硅质突起、棒型、哑铃型和尖型植硅体特征组合代表湿冷组合，本研究中的5块泥炭湿地植硅体的组合特征受纬度变化影响不明显。

英文摘要：

Phytolith analysis is an important method in the reconstruction of paleoenvironment. It is also an useful tool in the fields of paleoecology,environmental archaeology,and plant taxonomy. The research on applying phytolith analysis in peatland to reconstruct paleobotany and paleoenvirnment depends on the study on modern plant phytoliths. In this paper,phytoliths from 25 genera, 31 species from peatlands aroud Changbai Mountains were analyzed. The paper focused on the morphological differences of phytoliths, the phytolith morpho-types could be classified into 15 categories, they were sificified stomata, elongate, fan-shaped, plate-shaped, silicious tuber, point-shaped, tooth-shaped, and hat-shaped, and a small amount of vessel, dumbell, multilateral-hat-shaped, saddle-shaped, crosstie-shaped, trichoid-shaped. Peatland plant species from Gramineae, Equisetaceae, Violaceae, and Rubiaceae were found of large amount of phytoliths. A special type of point-shaped phytolith was found in Solidago virgaurea,a new type of phytolith was found in the Beckmannia syzigachne and named as crossite-shaped, this could be a useful supplementary to Gramineae phytoliths classifications. The cluster analysis for width of silicified stomata found that the width of silicified stomata is an humidity indicator,the wider the silicified stomata,the wetter the environment. More quantitive researches on the size of silicified stomata could be helpful for the reconstruction of paleoenvironment and concentrations of carbon dioxide,and the study of morphological characteristics of peatland plant phytoliths could help the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of peatland. PCA（Principal Component Analysis） for main phytolith types of plants in the peatland found that the combination of elongate, dumbbell, silicious tuber and point-shaped represented wet and cold climate. There was little differences found among the phytoliths assemblages from five peatlands,it was considered as the elevation differences counteracted the latitude differences.