中文摘要：

模板法在纳米材料的合成过程中已成为一种非常重要的技术。利用其结构导向、骨架填充、平衡和匹配电荷等作用,可以达到精确地调控纳米材料孔道的大小、形状及结构的目的。本文主要对模板剂的种类进行了详细的分类,重点介绍了硬模板法和软模板法在合成纳米材料过程中的现状及特点,并具体介绍了模板剂在合成纳米生物材料及纳米催化剂、电化学、化工合成等方面的应用;阐述了模板法在介孔材料合成过程中的重要性,指出了目前模板剂方法存在的优缺点;提出了模板剂在超分子功能材料、光化学反应及催化工业等方面应用的纳米材料合成中的发展趋势和良好前景。

英文摘要：

The synthesis of nanomaterials by template method is a very important technique and has been widely studied on industry fields due to its remarkable controllability. The pore size,shape and structure of synthetic mesoporous nanomaterials are precisely controlled by structure-oriented,skeleton filling,the balance and matching charge functionalization of template. In this paper developments and characteristics of hard and soft templates in the process of nanomaterials synthesis are emphasized. The recent research progresses of syntheses of the nanomaterials using template techniques in biological materials,electrochemistry,chemical synthesis and catalysis are reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of the template method during the preparing processes are discussed. The syntheses of the mesoporous nanomaterials by template method will be potentially developed on supramolecular functional materials,photochemical reactions and catalysis industries.