中文摘要：

海冰资源品质评定是实际工程性开采选址的有效依据，海冰理化特征分析是海冰资源品质评定的基础和内容。本文主要选择海冰全盐量、氯度、硬度、pH值、硫酸根、油类含量、悬浮物含量等7项理化特征指标。研究结果显示，平整冰的全盐量、氯度、硬度、硫酸根以及油类舍量要高于堆积冰，但低于母体海水；冰样的硫酸根和油类含量高于母体海水。海冰全盐量、氯度、硬度、硫酸根空间分布特征为：海上〉辽东湾〉渤海湾；近海区总体上随离岸距离的增加而呈现加大的趋势。海冰pH值总体呈碱性：海上〉辽东湾〉渤海湾；近海区总体随离岸距离的增加而呈现减小的趋势。海冰悬浮物含量：渤海湾〉辽东湾〉海上，迎风岸〉背风岸；近海区总体随离岸距离的增加而呈现减小的趋势。海冰油类含量：辽东湾西北海岸〉渤海湾〉辽东湾东南海岸〉海上；迎风岸〉背风岸。实际进行工程性开采时，需要结合海冰理化特征和冰情参数，进行资源品质评估。

英文摘要：

Estimation of sea ice resources quality plays a prominent role in selection of exploitation engineering sites. Analysis of chemical and physical characteristics can be the basis and main content for quality estimation primarily consisting of the total salt （TS）, Cl-, total dissolved solids （TDS）, pH, SO42-, oil and suspended substance （SS）. In the ice period in the year 2006, a field investigation was carried out along the coast of the Bohai Sea and on the sea. An icebreaker was rented for investigating sea ice conditions on the sea 10 nautical miles away from the Bayuquan Port. During the field investigation, there were 16 sea ice sampling sites near the coast from Huanghua Port to Dalian City and 5 in the sea. Repetitive sea ice and sea water samples were collected from each sample site. The collected sea ice samples were preserved under -15℃ condition. Then, the indexes above those samples were analyzed in terms of the quality standards for drinking water, surface water and irrigation water, respectively. The results were shown as follows. The TS, Cl-, TDS, SO42- and oil concentration of level ice were found to be larger than those of hummocked ice, but lower than those in the sea water. It was found that the SO42- and oil concentration in sea ice were higher than that in the sea water. TS, Cl-, TDS and SO42- concentration in the sea ice on the sea were shown to be highest, followed by that in the Liaodong Bay, and that in the Bohai Bay were the smallest. It was also found that the longer the distance from the coast, the larger concentration of TS, Cl-, TDS and SO42- exhibited. The pH value of sea ice was shown to be alkalescent, which was largest on the sea and smallest in the Bohai Bay. However, the longer the distance from the coast, the smaller pH value would show. Moreover, the SS concentration was highest in the Bohai Bay whereas it was smallest on the sea. Furthermore, the SS in the sea ice on a lee shore was larger than that to the lee shore, which was similar to the distribution of pH va