中文摘要：

桃山遗址发现于2011年，2013年进行试掘，并于次年展开系统的考古发掘工作。遗址2014年度发掘总面积36m^2，揭露出3个史前文化层，出土了丰富的遗物，包括石制品1943件，陶片12件，装饰品备料2件，植物果壳1件。石制品类型包括石核、石片、细石叶、鸡冠状石叶、削片、刮削器、锯齿刃器、端刮器、凹缺器、斧形器、锛形器和石镞等。此次发掘出土遗物从数量和类型两个方面均突破了2013年试掘工作对遗址认识的局限，更全面地展现出桃山遗址的文化面貌。遗址各阶段石制品原料及技术类型虽存在一定相似性，但也表现出较为明显的差异。光释光和AMS^14C年代测定表明古人类在该遗址活动的时间从旧石器晚期后段一直延续到新石器时代。

英文摘要：

The Taoshan Site （46°54.765＇N, 128°12.643＇E） is located in Taoshan village,Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. The site is situated on the southern slope of Taoshan hill, approximately 500m west of the Hulan River, and 241m high in altitude. It was discovered in 2011, and excavated in 2013 and 2014 by a joint team guided by Prof. Hou Yamei from IVPE The excavation exposed an area of 36m^2 with three prehistoric layers. A total of 1943 stone artifacts, 12 pottery shards, 2 ornaments and 1 nut shell were uncovered during the 2014 field season. The stone artifacts include cores, flakes, microblades, crested blades, ski spalls, retouched tools, manuports and fragments. In addition, the cultural layers were well dated by the optically stimulated luminescence and the AMS^14C dating methods. Only 248 stone artifacts were unearthed from Layer 4. High-quality tuff is the predominant raw material. Soft-hammer direct percussion was applied widely, technologically. The presence of microblades and related characteristic products indicates that pressure flaking was also applied. Layer 3 is the main cultural layer, and the archaeological remains include 1552 lithic artifacts and 23 ceramic shards. Raw materials derive from local sources. Tuff dominates, basalt and rhyolite come second, and chert, quartz sandstone, agate, quartz, granite and shale are in small numbers. The lithic assemblage is dominated by flakes and fragments, mainly produced by hard-hammer direct percussion. Pressure-flaked debitage is also used to remove microblades. Besides scrapers and denticulates, stone axes and adzes emerged as important tool types. In addition, ceramic technology started to appear. The assemblage shows characteristics of the transitional period between Late Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic, documenting the evolution of cultural changes in Northeast China and the dispersal, migration and communication of hunter-gatherers in northeastern Asia and North America. In addition, very limited archaeological remains are excavated fr