中文摘要：

目的：建立一种廉价、高效的呼吸道给药或染毒方法。方法：24只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机平均分为两组,分别进行鼻腔滴注和吸入式气管滴注。24只雄性SD大鼠随机平均分为两组,分别给予非暴露式气管滴注和吸入式气管滴注。小鼠每只滴注50μL生理盐水,大鼠每只滴注100μL生理盐水;每组中取1只动物按相应方法滴注用生理盐水配制的含体积分数50%的蓝墨水,解剖观察肺部形态,评价滴注效果;记录操作时间（从麻醉结束至滴注完成）和成功率。结果：小鼠鼻腔滴注的操作时间为（92.6±5.4）s,吸入式气管滴注操作时间为（25.2±4.0）s;大鼠非暴露式气管滴注操作时间为（102.6±6.5）s,吸入式气管滴注操作时间为（39.9±3.3）s;吸入式气管滴注操作时间均明显较短（t=35.042、29.849,P〈0.001）。吸入式气管滴注组小鼠和非暴露式气管滴注组大鼠的肺组织散在分布蓝色印迹,而鼻腔滴注组小鼠的肺部着色不明显;鼻腔滴注和吸入式气管滴注的成功率为100%,而非暴露式气管滴注的成功率为83.7%。结论：吸入式气管滴注兼具廉价、快捷、无创、高效的优点,可广泛应用于呼吸道给药或染毒实验以及疾病模型的建立。

英文摘要：

Aim： To establish an inexpensive and high-efficiency method with reference to experiments of dosing or exposing through airway.Methods： A total of 24 male BALB / c mice were divided into two groups randomly and,which were nasal drip group and inhalable intratracheal instillation group,respectively; 24 male SD rats were divided into two groups randomly,which were non-exposed intratracheal instillation group and inhalable intratracheal instillation group respectively;12 in each group.Each mouse was instilled with 50 μL normal saline and each rat was infused with 100 μL.One out of ev-ery group was infused with normal saline configurated with 50% volume fraction of blue ink.Effects of the methods were observed through anatomy.Moreover,operation time that was from the end of anesthesia to the finish of drip and success rate of instillation were recorded.Results： The operation time of inhalable intratracheal instillation group on mice and rats were（ 25.2 ± 4.0） s and（ 39.9 ± 3.3） s which were shorter than that of nasal drip group [（ 92.6 ± 5.4） s] and non-exposed intratracheal instillation group [（ 102.6 ± 6.5） s]（ t = 35.042,29.849,P〈 0.001）.It was shown that lung tissue of mice or rats were scattered with blue blots after inhalable intratracheal instillation and non-exposed intratracheal instillation,but it was not obvious after nasal drip.Success rates of nasal drip and inhalable intratracheal instillation were 100%,while that of non-exposed intratracheal instillation was 83.7%.Conclusion： Inhalable intratracheal instillation is inexpensive,rapid,non-invasive and high-efficiency,which can be widely applied in kinds of experiments to expose through airway and establishment of lung disease models.