中文摘要：

采用ISSR分子标记技术,对中国新疆分布的野扁桃5个居群共120个个体的遗传多样性进行了研究。9条引物共检测到114个位点,其中105个为多态位点。在物种水平上,野扁桃的多态位点百分率为92.1%,Nei’s基因多样度（h）为0,2809,shal3xlOrl信息指数（I）为0.432 7;在居群水平上,多态位点百分率平均为50.7%,Nei’s基因多样度（h）平均为0.206 2,shannon信息指数（I）平均为0.2999。基于Nei’s遗传多样性分析得出的居群间遗传分化系数Gst=0.2660。表明有26,6%的遗传变异存在于居群之间。居群间的遗传一致度平均为0.896 4,估测的居群间基因流（Nm）为1.3794,可以认为5个野扁桃居群间基因流畅通,与Nei’s多样性指数揭示的大部分遗传变异存在于居群内是一致的。根据Nei’s遗传距离对不同居群进行UPGMA聚类分析显示居群间的遗传距离与居群的地理距离之间没有显著的相关性。基于试验分析结果,野扁桃种质资源保护和利用的策略为在优先保护现有群体的基础上,加强筛选和保存居群内的变异单株。

英文摘要：

The genetic diversity of 120 A mygdalus ledebouriana Schlecht. individuals from 5 populations in Xinjiang was investigated by using inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. 114 bands were amplified by 9 inforulative and reliable primers, of which 105 were polymorphic loci. At species level, percentage of polymorphic loci （PPL） were 92.1%, Nei＇s gene diversity （h）equaled to 0.280 9, Shannon＇s Information index （1）was 0.432 7. At population level, the average value of PPL was 50.7%, the mean value of h amounted to 0.206 2, the general average of I was 0.299 9. Genetic coefficient of differentiation（Gst） among populations based Nei＇s gene diversity equaled to 0.266 0 ,which showed 26.6% genetic variation existed among 5 populations. The mean value of Nei＇s genetic identity equaled to 0.896 4, estimate of gene flow from Gst（Nm） was 1.379 4, which could be considered that gene flow was unblocked among 5 populations, and the result was uniform with that obtained by using Nei＇s gene diversity. UPGMA dendrogram based Nei＇s genetic distance showed that genetic distance among populations did not have significant correlation with geographic distance. The conclusion showed that gernlplasm protection and exploitation strategies of A rnygdalus ledebouriana Schlecht should give priority to available population, especially, and strengthen the screening and reserve the mutation.