中文摘要：

学校资源配置对学生成绩的影响主要通过两条路径：一是直接影响，即通过不同的学校资源配置直接影响学生平均成绩；二是间接影响，即通过不同的学校资源配置强化或弱化家庭背景对学生成绩的影响。通过运用多层线性模型分析 JX 县学生家庭和学校两层结构数据，发现在学生成绩的总体差异中有超过18%的份额是由学校之间资源配置的差异造成的，而较高的师生比例和生均公用经费则能够弱化家庭背景对学生成绩的影响。因此，应对学生家庭背景普遍较差的学校增加教育投入，以缩小因家庭背景不同而导致的教育质量差异，促进义务教育均衡发展。

英文摘要：

There are two types of effect of the school resource allocation on student achievement.One is its direct influence on students＇average grade in different schools,and the other is the adjustment a-bout the effect of family background on students＇achievement.Using the hierarchical liner model to analyze two-tier structure data from JX county＇s individual students and school level,the empirical re-sults show that eighteen percent of the total difference in student achievement can be attributed to the school resource allocation;otherwise,the higher student-teacher ratio and public funds per student can respectively weaken the influence of family background on students＇score.Thus,in order to nar-row differences in quality of education arising due to different family backgrounds and promote the balanced development of compulsory education,it is necessary to add more public education resources to the schools which have a large number of students from the poor family backgrounds.