中文摘要：

随着环境中能够检出的有毒污染物种类不断增多，基于制定环境标准来控制有毒污染物的传统方法正在受到挑战，而环境风险评价研究已成为当前环境领域研究的热点．加强风险评价方法研究，认识区域具有潜在风险的有毒污染物环境暴露与环境效应的关系，探讨风险评价中的关键科学问题，为风险管理提供科学依据已显得尤为紧迫．综述和讨论了环境风险评价技术的发展历史和区域生态风险评价存在的科学问题，并对深入开展区域环境风险评价研究提出了建议．

英文摘要：

China urgently needs to develop methodologies for environmental risk assessment （ERA） and to identify risk stressors and their environmental exposure and adverse effects on a regional scale. Key issues in scientific research must be discussed to provide a scientific basis for risk management. The development of ERA and various scientific problems are reviewed and discussed, and suggestions for further research work, especially on problems in regional risk assessment, are proposed.