中文摘要：

生物质燃烧是大气颗粒物的重要来源.钾离子、脱水糖类（左旋葡聚糖、甘露聚糖、半乳聚糖）、脱氢松香酸等被认为是示踪生物质燃烧的主要化合物.其中,脱水糖类由于其良好的化学稳定性和较高的浓度水平,被广泛用作有关生物质燃烧的检测和估算其对大气颗粒物贡献的代表性化合物.研究发现,大气颗粒物中脱水糖类的含量随季节不同而呈现差异;不同类型的生物质经燃烧后产生的气溶胶颗粒物中,主要示踪化合物的组成比例不同.如软木燃烧后的左旋葡聚糖/甘露聚糖比值约为4.3、硬木约为23.1、农作物残渣约为32.0.利用这一特性可以分析大气颗粒物中不同生物质燃烧源的类型和所占比例等.气相色谱-质谱联用技术是检测大气颗粒物中脱水糖类有机示踪物的主要手段.该法需要对样品进行前处理.高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术和高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法可以很好地替代气相色谱质谱联用法,避免样品的前处理和衍生化反应,但检测范围较窄.几种方法各有利弊,需根据样品的来源和实验目标选择适当的分析方法.

英文摘要：

Biomass burning is an important source of carbonaceous aerosols in atmosphere. Watersoluble potassium ion（ K^＋）, monosaccharide anhydrides（ levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan）,dehydroabietic acid are considered primary tracers of biomass burning emissions.Among them,monosaccharide anhydrides,which are not only abundant but also chemically stable during photooxidation in the air,are widely used as chemical markers in the assessment of biomass burning contribution to atmospheric aerosols. It has been reported that the levoglucosan level has seasonal variations. Furthermore,the chemical compositions of isomeric monosaccharide anhydrides show characteristic features depending on the combustion materials,which could be useful in the determination of the type of biomass burnt. For example,the ratio of levoglucosan to mannosan from soft wood is about 4. 3,whereas for hard wood it is around 23. 1 and for agricultural residue 32. 0.GC-MS is a robust analytical technique in detecting many organic compounds,though a complex pretreatment may be required.On the other hand,HPLC-MS and HPAEC-PAD methods do not demand pre-derivation and can measure liquid samples directly. In practice,one has to choose what is feasible for the sample.