中文摘要：

江苏省沿江地区农科所新选玉米自交系间穗行数和行粒数一般配合力差异较大,分析这些自交系间有利等位基因的分布,有助于自交系的持续改良。本研究选用其中3个自交系组配成2个组合的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F26个世代,运用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型和6个世代联合分析的方法,对穗行数和行粒数2个性状进行了遗传分析。玉米穗行数性状在S1×S3组合中表现为1对加性-显性主基因＋加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传,以多基因遗传为主;在S3×S7组合中表现为2对加性-显性-上位性主基因＋加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传,以主基因遗传为主。行粒数性状在2个组合中均表现为1对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因混合遗传,主基因遗传为主;多基因位点显性总效应大于加性总效应。研究结果暗示通过有利等位基因聚合改良这些自交系的穗行数比行粒数更有效。

英文摘要：

There were great differences in general combining ability of kernel row number and kernel number per row in maize（Zea mays L. ） among inbred lines newly bred by Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Area Along Yangtse of Jiangsu Province. It is helpful to improve the inbred lines continuously to analyze distributions of favorable alleles among the inbred lines. Genetic analysis for kernel row number and kernel number per row were conducted by using mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance models and joint segregation analytic method of P1,P2,F1,B1,B2 and F2 generations in two crosses made from the 3 inbred lines. Kernel row number was controlled by one additivedominance major-gene and additive-dominance-epistasis polygenes,and was mainly governed by polygenes in cross S1 S3; whereas in cross S3 S7 the trait was controlled by two additive-dominance-epistasis major-genes and additive-dominance-epistasis polygenes,and was mainly governed by major genes. Kernel number per row was controlled by one additive major-gene and additive-dominance polygenes,and was mainly governed by major gene in both crosses. Total effect of dominance was larger than that of additive in polygene loci. The results suggest that improvement of kernel row number would be more effective than that of kernel number per row in inbred lines by pyramiding favorable alleles.