中文摘要：

首次运用非参数方法，从结构、技术和管理三个层面对碳排放效率、减排潜力进行了分解，实证分析了中国的碳排放效率、减排潜力及实施路径。研究发现：中国碳排放效率总体上处于较低水平，结构无效率、技术无效率和管理无效率是碳排放低效的共同成因；通过产业结构调整、区域技术平衡、市场化改革和环境管制实现的碳减排潜力约为当前排放总量的60％。因此，各省份应制定各自的碳减排策略，明确产业结构调整方向和产业碳排放效率提升路径。

英文摘要：

This paper firstly decomposes carbon emission efficiency and emission reduction into three components ： structural compo- nent, technical component and management component. On this basis, we then make an empirical analysis of China＇ s total-factor carbon e- mission efficiency, carbon emission reduction and its corresponding implementing path. The results show that, carbon efficiency in mainland China is relatively low. And structural inefficiency, technical inefficiency and management inefficiency are three common causes of carbon emission inefficiency in China. The Chinese government is expected to realize a large amount of carbon emission reduction potential（nearly 60 percent of the current total carbon emission） through adjusting the industrial structure, narrowing the technology gap between the re- gions, promoting the reform of marketization, and strengthening environmental regulation. This article takes a further step to formulate emission reduction strategies for 30 provinces according to their specific situations, pointing out the direction of industrial structure adjustment and the path of improving carbon efficiency.