中文摘要：

番荔枝（Annona squamosa L.）是一种重要的热带水果,具有丰富营养和较高经济价值。为了探讨修剪方式和光照对番荔枝混合花芽成花效果的影响,以成年番荔枝当年抽生的枝条为研究材料,通过不同修剪方式,不同颜色透光塑料薄膜对修剪部位套袋处理,以自然生长的枝条为对照,对诱导成花部位和不同发育时期花蕾成花基因的表达,以及N、P、K和碳水化合物含量进行分析。结果表明,枝条顶端修剪后,只有把叶片和叶柄去掉后才能诱导成花,成花基因LFY（LEAFY）和AP2（APETALA2）的表达显著提高（P〈0.05）;成花不受薄膜颜色和套袋处理影响,说明成花部位不受光照和光质影响,且在不同季节均能诱导成花;成花部位的枝条N、P、K、淀粉及可溶性总糖含量出现先下降后增加的现象。结果说明,番荔枝叶柄对花芽形成具有明显抑制作用,当枝条顶端及叶柄去除后,就能促进成花基因LFY和AP2的表达,促使混合芽从营养生长转向生殖生长从而导致开花。在成花诱导过程中,修剪处理部位枝条短期内无法进行光合作用,导致主要营养物质含量出现先下降后增加的现象,且成花过程不受光照及光质差异的影响,当成花诱导完成后,需要正常光照产物促进新枝萌发与生长,为开花结果提供营养保障。研究结果从生理与分子水平初步揭示了番荔枝独特的修剪方式促进成花的机理,为番荔枝花期调控及反季节生产提供理论依据与实践指导。

英文摘要：

Sugar apple （Annona squamosa L.） is a significant fruit in tropics due to its abundant nutrition and high commercial value. In order to explore the effects of pruning and illumination on the flowering of axillary bud, new and mature branches growing in the same year were selected as experimental materials treated by different pruning ways with different colors of plastic film bagging. Nature growing branches were served as control. The contents of N, P, K and carbohydrates in inducing flowering parts and flower buds in different periods and developmental stage were determined. The results showed that if the branches were not removed the leaves and petiole, axillary bud of these branches failed to flower. Axillary bud could flower only under thecondition of leaf and petiole removed, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of LYF （LEAFY） and AP2 （APETALA2） were up-regulated at high level （P〈0.05） in tissues with proper pruning. When shoots with tipping and leaf and petiole removal were bagged with different color plastic films, the flowering was comparable among the treatments. This result indicated that flowering was not affected by light wavelength. In addition, axillary bud under proper pruning could flower at different seasons. Meanwhile, the content of N, P, K, starch and total soluble sugars in the branches of treatment 1 decreased in the first phase and then increased in the later compared with the control. This experiment demonstrated that the presence of petiole inhibited the flowering of axillary bud, removal of the petiole induced flowering genes expression, which switched from vegetative to reproductive growth and then led to blossoming and bearing fruit. In the process of floral induction, processing branches could not carry out photosynthesis in the short term, which resulted in the main nutrient contents presenting the increase after decline. The flowering process was not affected by the influence of illumination and light quality differences. While the completion of the floral