中文摘要：

由于传统抗生素类药物容易使细菌产生耐药性而成为超级细菌，新型的抗菌药物亟待开发。通过模拟天然抗菌多肽设计合成的高分子抗菌剂，具有很高的抗菌活性和生物选择性，而且由于其合成方法简单，结构易于控制，且可实现大规模工业生产，有望成为代替传统抗生素和抗菌多肽的新一代抗菌药物。本文介绍了天然抗菌多肽的抗菌机理与模拟天然抗菌多肽的概念，综述了高分子抗菌药物的研究进展，并探讨了它们结构与性能，以及影响高分子药物抗菌活性和生物选择性的因素。

英文摘要：

Since the traditional antimicrobial drugs are prone to trigger the drug resistance of bacteria and turn the bacteria into so called super-bacteria, novel antimicrobial drugs with different antimicrobial mechanism are desired. Polymeric antimicrobial agents mimicking the natural antimicrobial peptides with high antibacterial capability and good bio-selectivity, plus their simple synthesis, easy control of chemical structure and applicability of large scale industrial production, have been regarded as the next generation of antimicrobial drugs to replace the antibiotics. In this review, the concept of mimicking natural antimicrobial peptides and the development of polymeric antimicrobial drugs are introduced, and the structures, properties, and the factors determining the antimicrobial and bio-selective properties of polymeric antimicrobial drugs are discussed.